Electronics Fundamentals

Explore the core principles of electronics, from digital circuits and electrical testing to key components like microcontrollers and semiconductors. This category covers important topics such as PCB design, soldering techniques, and the basics of computer architectures like RISC and CISC. Learn about signal processing, electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and practical guides for working with components like capacitors and amplifiers.

A visual timeline showing four microchips on a circuit board, progressively subjected to temperature cycling, mechanical shock (twice with different effects), and humidity stress, with the final chip appearing intact, and "JESD22" text above.

Guide to JEDEC JESD22

Overview Categories Test Explorer FAQ OverviewCategoriesTest ExplorerFAQ Demystifying the standards for semiconductor reliability. Explore key test methods and understand their purpose with this interactive tool. What is JESD22? JESD22 is not a single standard, but a comprehensive series of test

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Close-up photograph of a green printed circuit board (PCB) suspended over hundreds of sharp, silver pins of a bed-of-nails test fixture, with the title "IPC-9252" above.

The Definitive Guide to IPC-9252

IPC-9252 Explained Overview Performance Classes Test Methods Defect Explorer FAQ Understanding the industry standard for electrical testing of unpopulated printed circuit boards (PCBs) to ensure reliability and prevent costly failures. What is IPC-9252? A foundational standard for PCB quality assurance.

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IPC-2581

What is IPC 2581 File?

The electronic files used for PCB production include: Gerber, NC Drill, IPC netlist, ODB++ and IPC2581 files. IPC2581 is a new format that contains all the information for PCB production. What is IPC-2581? IPC-2581 is an industry standard file format

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ODB++ file

What is ODB++ File?

What is ODB++? ODB++ is an open, hierarchical data structure for printed circuit board (PCB) design data and is widely used in the electronics industry. It is a comprehensive format that includes all the information needed to manufacture a PCB,

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