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What is One Time Programmable Memory?
One Time Programmable (OTP) memory is non-volatile, meaning it retains its data when powered off. It is a special type of read-only memory that can only be programmed or written

Flying Probe Test Guide for PCBs
Conduct flying probe tests: setup, coverage, and defect detection. Learn to validate prototype PCBs without fixtures. Tips for improving yield. Step-by-step inside!

Single-Chip Microcomputer (MCU)
An integrated circuit chip that integrates a central processing unit CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O ports, and an interrupt system is known as the single-chip microcomputer. The microcomputers became popular in

What is a Non Polarized Capacitor?
A non-polarized capacitor is, as the name suggests, a capacitor that does not have polarized terminals. An ordinary capacitor will have two terminals labeled with a positive or negative sign.

What Is a Pinout? Basics for PCB Design
New to pinouts? Learn how to read component pin configurations, avoid connection errors, and map signals to PCBs. Essential for beginners and engineers. Start here!

What’s the Best PCB Reverse Engineering Tools?
PCB reverse engineering is an important but somewhat arduous process that involves taking measurements of a circuit board and then recreating it in another software. It’s not easy, especially since

Best PCB Design Software: 43 Tools Reviewed
Top PCB design tools: Altium, KiCad, Eagle, and more. Features, pricing, and user reviews for engineers. Compare free vs paid options.

IC Unlock or Decrypt: What is, and How to do?
What is IC Unlock? IC unlock is aslo called IC decrypt, IC attack or IC crack. An IC (integrated circuit) is usually encrypted when it was being finished manufactured. An

Polyimide Rigid PCB: The Strongest Material for Your PCB Project
There are several materials used to make circuit boards. Each has its benefits and drawbacks, but none are perfect for every application. Polyimide rigid PCBs, for example, have a wide

Curve Tracer Testing: A Detailed Guide
What is the Curve Tracer Testing? The curve tracer testing is a diagnostic tool used to measure the electrical performance of an electrical system. It measures inductance, resistance, and capacitance

What is Dallas DS2431 Chips?
About DS2431 Chips The DS2431 is a 1-Wire® EEPROM device that is made up of four memory sections, each one having 256 bits. A scratchpad of eight bytes is used

Reverse Engineering Electronics: The Basics
Anyone who has ever worked in an electronics or manufacturing facility knows how challenging it can be to understand the schematics and blueprints of new devices. Engineers have to reverse