PCB Case Studies
Focus on the reverse development of various electronic products and equipment prototypes.

NOR Gate Simplifying Boolean Expression
Introduction to Boolean expressions Boolean expressions are fundamental components of digital logic design. They represent logical relationships between variables, typically resulting in a binary output. These expressions are crucial for

Logic Gates Guide: Types & Truth Tables
Learn AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR gates: operation, symbols, and real-world circuits. Truth tables and IC examples for digital design. Essential for EE students. Start here!

TTL Logic: What is and How Does it Work?
What is TTL? TTL, or Transistor-Transistor Logic, is a type of digital circuit design that uses bipolar transistor technology to create logic gates. TTL is commonly used in electronics, particularly

How to Convert Gerber to PCB?
There are many articles on how to convert Gerber to PCB on the Internet, but most of them simply list a few steps. This article aims to introduce the process

74HC245 Octal Bus Tranceiver
74HC245 specs: pinout, direction control, and voltage translation. Learn how to use it in data buses for Arduino/STM32. Application examples and datasheet breakdown!

BMP280 Pressure Sensor: Guide & Integration
BMP280 specs: altitude/temperature sensing, I2C/SPI interface, and low-power mode. Learn to connect to Arduino/STM32 for IoT projects.

ENIG Surface Finish: PCB Design Guide
ENIG (Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold) basics: thickness, pros/cons, and applications. Learn to specify ENIG for lead-free PCBs. Best practices inside!

Mastering Design for Manufacturing (DFM)
What is DFM? Design for Manufacturing (DFM) is actually a bridge between R&D and production. It simplifies, optimizes, and improves product design to produce better products at a lower cost.