Path Parameters
Calculated Results
Line of Sight Distance ($d_{los}$): --
Radio Horizon ($d_r$): --
1st Fresnel Zone Radius: --
Fresnel Clearance at Midpoint: --
Drag the slider to adjust the obstacle's height.
Obstacle Height: 0mHow It Works: The Formulas Behind LOS
Visual Line of Sight
The maximum distance to the horizon from an antenna at height ($h$):
$$d_{los} = 3.57\sqrt{h}$$
(where $d_{los}$ is in km and $h$ is in meters)
Radio Horizon
Radio waves bend with Earth's curvature, extending the range beyond the visual horizon:
$$d_r=4.12\sqrt{h}$$
(where $d_r$ is in km and $h$ is in meters)
The Fresnel Zone
A clear ellipsoidal area around the direct path is required. Obstructions here cause attenuation. The radius ($r$) at midpoint is:
$$r = 17.32\sqrt{\frac{d}{4f}}$$
(where $r$ is in meters, $d$ is in km, and $f$ is in GHz)
Ideally, ensure at least **60% clearance** of the first Fresnel Zone.
